Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2019 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
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Melatonin (MLT) is a recently discovered phytochemical in wine, but its influence on\nphysiological MLT levels is still unknown. This study aimed at evaluating variations, in serum and\nsaliva, of MLT concentrations after the intake of MLT-enriched red wine. Twelve healthy volunteers\nwere recruited to receive 125 mL of red wine naturally lacking of MLT (placebo, PLC), or the same\nwine enriched with MLT (MLT+). A physiological steady decline of serum MLT was observed from\nbaseline up to 90 min, for both wines. After PLC intake, the decrease was significantly faster than the\none occurring after MLT+ wine, which thus delayed the drop down of serum MLT with a plateau at\n30â??60 min. Salivary MLT levels slightly peaked at 45 min after MLT+ wine intake, without statistical\nsignificance. Therefore, the intake of a glass of MLT-enriched red wine changed serum levels of\nthe indoleamine, supporting the role of wine MLT in counteracting the physiological decline of the\nhormone into the bloodstream....
Marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may improve autonomic dysfunction,\nas indicated by an increase in heart rate variability (HRV) and reduce the risk of sudden cardiac\ndeath. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of marine n-3 PUFA on 24-h HRV in\npatients on chronic dialysis, who have a high risk of sudden cardiac death. Between June 2014 and\nMarch 2016, 112 patients on chronic dialysis from Denmark were allocated to a daily supplement\nof 2 g marine n-3 PUFA or control for three months in a randomized, double-blinded, controlled\ntrial. A 48-h Holter monitoring was performed and mean 24-h HRV indices for the two days were\navailable in 85 patients. The mean age was 62.3 years (SD: 14.3) and median dialysis vintage was\n1.7 years (IQR: 0.5, 6.4). Within-group and between-group changes in outcome were evaluated by a\npaired and two sample t-test, respectively. Marine n-3 PUFA did not change the primary endpoint\nSDNN (SD of all RR-intervals) reflecting overall HRV, but other HRV indices increased and the mean\nRR-interval increased significantly, corresponding to a decrease in heart rate by 2.5 beats per minute\n(p = 0.04). In conclusion, marine n-3 PUFA did not change SDNN, but the mean heart rate was\nsignificantly reduced and changes in other HRV-indices were also observed, indicating an increase in\nvagal modulation that might be protective against malignant ventricular arrhythmias....
Chemically-interesterified (CIE) fats are trans-fat free and are increasingly being used as\nan alternative to hydrogenated oils for food manufacturing industries to optimize their productsâ??\ncharacteristics and nutrient compositions. The metabolic effects of CIE fats on insulin activity, lipids,\nand adiposity in humans are not well established. We investigated the effects of CIE fats rich\nin palmitic (C16:0, IEPalm) and stearic (C18:0, IEStear) acids on insulin resistance, serum lipids,\napolipoprotein concentrations, and adiposity, using C16:0-rich natural palm olein (NatPO) as the\ncontrol. We designed a parallel, double-blind clinical trial. Three test fats were used to prepare\ndaily snacks for consumption with a standard background diet over a period of 8 weeks by three\ngroups of a total of 85 healthy, overweight adult volunteers. We measured the outcome variables at\nweeks 0, 6, and at the endpoint of 8. After 8 weeks, there was no significant difference in surrogate\nbiomarkers of insulin resistance in any of the IE fat diets (IEPalm and IEStear) compared to the\nNatPO diet. The change in serum triacylglycerol concentrations was significantly lower with the\nIEStear diet, and the changes in serum leptin and body fat percentages were significantly lower in the\nNatPO-diet compared to the IEPalm diet. We conclude that diets containing C16:0 and C18:0-rich\nCIE fats do not affect markers of insulin resistance compared to a natural C16:0-rich fat (NatPO) diet.\nHigher amounts of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and longer chain SFAs situated at the sn-1,3 position\nof the triacylglycerol (TAG) backbones resulted in less weight gain and lower changes in body fat\npercentage and leptin concentration to those observed in NatPO and IEStear....
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